Selenium Design Patterns And Best Practices
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This article highlights the design patterns & architectural considerations to take into account when building a Selenium-based / Appium-based Test Automation Framework. The examples are purposely shown in various programming languages to highlight that this thought process is applicable for any programming language you use for building an Automation Framework.
Design patterns are reusable solutions that can be reused on to problems that frequently arise in software design. They serve as a common vocabulary and a shared understanding of best practices among the developers. Design Patterns help in improving the overall quality and maintainability of a codebase. They are not specific to any programming language and can be implemented in any language, although some patterns are more commonly used in certain languages.
Selenium is an open-source tool for automating web browsers, and it can be used to create automated tests for web applications. There are several design patterns in Selenium that can when designing and implementing tests with Selenium,:
With the help of these design patterns, developers can leverage solved solutions to common problems rather than reinventing the wheel each time they encounter a new challenge. This can lead to faster and more efficient development, as well as a more consistent and maintainable codebase.
The best example of factory design pattern would be a factory class which is used to initialize a driver based on the user requirement. As seen in the POM design pattern example, Base class can act as Factory class in Factory design pattern.
You can choose any design pattern from the above mentioned depending upon the complexity and ease of use of the system. All design patterns are very helpful in making our automation framework less complex and easy to use.
In this tutorial we will learn about Selenium design patterns and best practices while working with Selenium Automation framework development (hybrid framework in selenium), there two variations of Framework Design or Framework model that we have to consider, which are :
While designing any Framework, we need to consider some design architecture, i.e., selenium design patterns and best practices, and as per the need of the type of the framework model, we need to select a Language Design pattern to solve the problem state of the framework design as a whole.Hence just to conclude, we can choose and Selenium framework model (Hybrid, Page Object Model, Data Driven, etc.), but to implement the model, we need to follow and implement some Language Design Pattern(e.g., java/C# Design patterns ) Why We need selenium design Pattern and best practices while building Selenium Framework:
What design patterns to be used in Selenium Framework : There are a few design pattern you could use to implement different areas of the framework, such as an example : We will do the live coding template of the whole Framework in the upcoming posts here.Singleton Design Pattern for hybrid framework in Selenium: Singleton Design Pattern is a pattern in which you could create only one object from a class and get to use the same object to access the methods of the class; we could use the design pattern in the configurator where we only need to read the configuration data and can load into some data store(any kind of data structure which you could use as and when required while in the execution from any classes and methods )
Likewise, you can implement the Appium driver along with the same design, just provide the implementation and declare a method in the IDriver interfaces. Conclusion: With this, we are concluding here how you can use language design patterns as part of the Selenium design patterns and best practices while developing the hybrid framework in Selenium; in the upcoming segments of the tutorial, we will build the Page Object model framework for Selenium Automation.To get the Overall tutorial on Selenium, you can visit here.
The preceding example is slightly oversimplified. The action commands are written in the same format from programming language to programming language. However, writing code in different kinds of languages, such as compiled VS interpreted, will have their own idioms and best practices. Some actions that work well in Ruby would be wasteful and counterintuitive in Java.
We then proceeded to convert the recorded test into Ruby programming language, comparing each command from the IDE with its Ruby equivalent. Finally, we started working with the Test::Unit testing framework and then learned about test assertions. We finished the chapter by making the test fail on purpose and played with the Ruby debugger. In the next chapter, we will add a couple of new tests and start to dive deeper into the Test::Unit framework. We will also talk about test suite design patterns that emerge from growing your test suite.
To get better and more maintainable tests we will need to come up with a better structure for our tests. The most commonly used design patterns are the Page Object Model and the in-build Page Factory Pattern. In this post, we will take a look at both.
A majority of the Selenium best practices discussed subsequently in the blog are agnostic of the programming language being used for Selenium test automation. So, regardless of the language you use for automation testing with Selenium, these Selenium best practices will still be of value.
Irrespective of the web browser on which automation testing with Selenium is performed, setting the browser zoom level to 100 percent is one of the Selenium best practices that should be followed. This setting gives a native mouse feel and ensures that the native mouse events are set to the correct coordinates.
Selenium test automation without logging and reporting defeats the sole purpose of using the Selenium framework. That is why logging and reporting are considered one of the best Selenium test practices in automation.
As business and technical people are on the same page, it helps in improving the product quality as tests are based on technical and business recommendations. BDD tests are more usable when compared to TDD tests as changes in business specification or feature specification would involve minimal changes in corresponding BDD features and scenarios. When compared to TDD (Test Driven Development), BDD tests have an improved shelf-life as tests are created using business and feature specifications. It is one of the most essential Selenium best practices out there. Some of the popular BDD frameworks are Cucumber, Behave, SpecFlow, etc. Shown below is a sample feature file that searches for LambdaTest on DuckDuckGo:
When integration tests are executed are in a continuous build environment, the test will only receive a RemoteDriver (i.e., WebDriver for any target browser). Amongst all Selenium best practices, it is recommended to use Parameter notes to manage different browser types and get the code ready for simultaneous execution (or parallel testing). Small frameworks can be created in Selenium using LabelledParameterized (@Parameters in TestNG and @RunWith in JUnit).
The automation test design solely depends on the goal that you are planning to achieve from the test. Things can get complicated when the test suite consists of several tests. One of the most critical Selenium best practices is to avoid inter-dependency between different tests in a test suite and separating the specification of what the test is supposed to do from the test execution strategy.
One of the most common Selenium best practices for Selenium test automation is avoiding unnecessary duplication of code. You might be using different web locators such as XPath, ID, etc. for accessing the web elements present on the web page. The code that is frequently used in the implementation should be created as a separate API, so that code duplication is minimal.
Avoiding duplication also helps in the reduction of code size and improves the maintainability of the test code. Wrapping Selenium calls is one of the Selenium best practices that can significantly impact maintaining a complex test suite (or test code).
In the section above, I listed down the most essential Selenium best practices to assist you in automation testing with Selenium. Now, I present some of the Selenium practices that you should avoid at any cost:
In this detailed article, we looked at some of the Selenium best practices and selected worst practices for automation testing with Selenium. When coming up with Selenium test scenarios, you should always remember that Selenium is ideal for automation testing, so do not use the same for other types of testing since it might read favorable results. With LambdaTest, you can perform automated testing with Selenium for 3000+ browser and operating systems.
There are a few design patterns that can be used to help you overcome the mentioned challenges. For the purposes of this article we will look into the Page Object Model, but just for clarification, here is a quick list of possible designs and components:
It's important to point out that these designs are not necessarily mutually exclusive and some of these components can be used on the same solution. Also, there are sources that cite Page Factory, Driver Factory and Object Repository as design patterns on their own but since they mostly require a POM to function, I will describe them in the next section.
There are other design patterns that also may be used in testing. Some use aPage Factory for instantiating their page objects. Discussing all of these isbeyond the scope of this user guide. Here, we merely want to introduce theconcepts to make the reader aware of some of the things that can be done. Aswas mentioned earlier, many have blogged on this topic and we encourage thereader to search for blogs on these topics.
I'm creating tests using Selenium 2 Web Driver with C#.Net. After reading through a lot of the Selenium documentation, I am left still feeling unsure on how to go about testing using the PageObject design patterns. 59ce067264
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